《中国记者》杂志

23.3　建议与可行性报告

23.3A　建议报告

1） 一项建议（Proposal）是针对某个（方面的）问题提出的解决方案，并请有关方面批准实施。建议有口头的，有书面的；有属于工作任务的，也有属于以出售为目的的。我们这里讨论的是书面建议的写作。

2） 在建议的准备过程中，应制订写作计划，首先要对问题对象加以分析，抓住如何提出问题，如何解决及实施计划等关键环节进行必要的调查研究，结合评估的方式及要求，使用明确、适度和富于说服力的语言去写。

3） 建议有严格的格式要求，通常由Transmittal Letter, Title Page, Table of Contents把读者引入建议的具体内容。

4） Transmittal Letter向读者非常礼貌地介绍建议的主题，有时简述要点，并向有关人士和方面致意。

5） Title Page的基本格式如下：（TITLE）

(TITLE)

A PROPOSAL

for

Company or Person's Name

Address

by

Writer or Company's Name

Address

Date

Abstract:

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

Approved by_______________　　Date_______________

说明：若篇幅不够，可将Abstract另打一页，放在Title Page之后。

6） 篇幅在5页以上的建议，须有“目录”（Table of Contents），基本格式如下：

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract....................................................................i

List of Illustrations.......................................................ii

Introduction................................................................1

　　Problem Statement...............................................1

　　Proposed Solution................................................4

Project Scope.............................................................5

Schedule....................................................................6

Budget.......................................................................7

　　Hardware............................................................7

　　Personnel...........................................................8

Appendices.........................................................

　　Appendix A:.........................................................9

　　Appendix B:.........................................................10

几点说明：

a. 若封面上已有摘要，则这里的Abstract一项删去，List of Illustrations亦可从略。另外，例中的页码仅作示范，并非固定不变。

b. 在Introduction部分一方面要突出建议的价值和可行性，另一方面要实事求是，既不否认可能存在消极因素，又不靠哗众取宠的言词来推销自己的主张，而是力求靠逻辑和事实说话，如对Problem不要言过其实，对Solution要留有余地。这里还可分析一下以前的一些解决办法，恰如其分地肯定成绩和指出不足之处，并突出现在建议办法的科学依据。

c. 在Project Scope部分应首先说明这是对未来情况的设想，同时陈述设想的依据。

d. 在Schedule部分应较具体地列出工作任务，谁去承担，完成该项工作任务的意义、困难、可能性及大体时间表。

e. Budget要建立在科学预测及反复测算的基础之上。其中Personnel项既要说明工作量，又要事先考察清楚劳动力的来源，工具及配套设施的安排，骨干力量的素质和数量，是否需要培训，需要时怎样安排，培训人员的来源、报酬、工作环境，等等。

f. Appendices可能一个或数个，也可能一个也不需要。

7） 读者对象（audience或readers）是任何写作中都应研究的问题，写建议报告这类劝导式文章时尤其要注意。以下几点可供研究时参考：

a. 列出所有的读者对象，分析哪些是最主要的读者，哪些人次之，建议报告同哪些人关系最直接、最重要，从而确定主要的读者群。

b. 分析主要读者群的状况，如他们的年龄、文化程度、工作任务、性别、国籍、籍贯，对建议数的需要和发言权等。

c. 考虑建议报告作者同读者之间的诸种关系，如本业务圈里有多少人？圈外人多少？这样，作者就容易判断出多少人会有共同语言，多少人会难以接受，还应对比作者同读者在年龄、文化程度、价值观和生活及工作经验等方面的情况，然后确定从什么角度去写、采用哪些资料、使用什么样的表达方式能产生最好的劝说效果。

23.3B　可行性报告

1） 在进行一项重大工程建设、改革或实验项目之前都需要开展可行性研究（Feasibility Study）, 并提出可行性报告（Feasibility Report），内容为研究的结果和一系列看法和建议。同前面23.3A讨论的Proposal比较，两者的共同点是都涉及工作量、经费、成果预测等，区别在于：Feasibility Study是由某部门或个人根据形势需要而安排的一项专题研究，其报告作为决策的参考，而Proposal可能是某个人或组织根据现实存在的难题提出的分析解决方法，提请有关部门批准并可作为商品出售，还有时几个不同的Proposals投标，彼此竞争，力求有关部门或个人采纳。

2） 可行性报告一般包括下述几项内容：

Cover Letter

Title page

Abstract

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Introduction

Discussion

Criteria

Possible solutions

Conclusion / Recommendation

Appendix

3） 可行性报告写作中应注意的几个问题：

a. 从Cover Letter到Introduction的各项以及Appendix都和Proposal中的相应项目的写法一致。

b. 由于可行性报告往往涉及几种选择方案，作者必须通过踏实的调查研究深入了解每种选择，收集每项选择的有关资料，并使用一致的参照标准去分析和比较各种方案，包括使用图表和数据。例如在一份有关购置一套文字处理设备的可行性报告中，作者首先把5种可供考虑的设想归纳成两种较佳方案，接着从Advantages, Disadvantages和Summary等3个方面加以对照说明，然后提出作者的Recommendation，层次分明，瓜熟蒂落。

c. 一般说来，作者不必直接提出自己的结论和建议，但同时又要有自己的见解，即通过调查研究得出的必然结论，只是在写作方法上主要是依靠资料对比和逻辑分析表达作者的看法，让读者作出判断；如果作者提出建议，注意文字上既要明白晓畅，又要准确适度，不夸张，不含糊，具有说服力（而非诱惑力）。

4） 可行性报告有一定的格式，下面是从一份可行性报告中摘出的几个部分：

a. Cover Letter

1209 Parrett Street

Richmond, VA 23201

39858

Mr. William Philpot, Headmaster

Third High School

921 Third Avenue

Richmond, VA 23201

Dear Mr. Philpot:

Enclosed is the study I discussed for computerizing certain of the Third High School's office procedures. My recommendation is included.

I will call on Monday to answer questions or arrange a meeting to discuss anything in the report.

Thank you for the opportunity to evaluate the need for a computerized system. It helped me in my school work. I hope it helps you and your committee decide how to make certain office functions easier and more efficient for the staff.

Sincerely

（Signature）

Phyllis Rabb

b. Title page

STUDY TO COMPUTERIZE OFFICE PROCEDURES

PRESENTED TO

THIRD HIGH SCHOOL

728 THIRD AVENUE

RICHMOND，VA 23201

SUBMITTED BY

PHYLLIS RABB

COMPUTER SCIENCE SENIOR

1209 Parrets Street

Richmond, VA23201

39858

c. Abstracts from the text: PP.209－213

STUDY: TO DECIDE IF THIRD HIGH SCHOOL

　　　　SHOULD COMPUTERIZE CERTAIN OFFICE OPERATIONS〖ZK）〗

INTRODUCTION

...

DISCUSSION

...

练习二十三　（Exercise Twenty-Three）

I. Preview Questions:

1. Can you tell the three characteristics of technical writing?

2. Can you tell some of the common technical writings?

3. What are the basic contents in a résumé?

4. How do you address the receiver of your letter if you don't know the person's sexual distinction?

5. What does a Proposal refer to in technical writing?

6. Can you tell the difference between Feasibility Study and Feasibility Report?

7. What advantages and troubles have you come across in writing with a computer?

II. Read the following and comment the points stated:

A decade ago it was popular to talk about writing as a linear activity. The writer was seen as someone who first prewrote an outline and some ideas, then wrote a first draft of the whole work, and later rewrote, correcting mistakes and polishing style. People who wrote about composition saw the writer as someone who performed these steps independently and in an orderly manner.

Today the trend is to talk about writing as a process. The writer is still seen engaging in a series of actions to bring about the finished document, but no longer is it thought that the series is sequential or neatly separated and orderly. Instead, writing is perceived as a volatile activity.

Those of you majoring in scientific or technical fields are familiar with processes and thus should find it easy to think of writing in the same way. In doing so, you lower your expectations of learning to write quickly and definitely and accept the idea of writing as a progression — an ongoing series of actions that bring about the end result of writing effectively.

Technical writing is not written for the writer's exclusive pleasure or as a forum for one's private thoughts. Instead, technical writing presents a specific subject to an understood audience that is reading for a particular purpose. The interwoven dependency of subject and audience is one of technical writing's distinguishing characteristics and one reason technical writers must prepare before writing. Rarely is the wholeness of a good technical document achieved by accident, for although no set of rules or formulas guarantees good writing, writing is by no means so mysterious that little can be said about it or learned. Constant reading and conscientious practice will help you make progress and achieve success in this field.

III. Write a memorandum with the following data:

1. The date is December 4, 2000.

2. The memo is from Linda Prater, R. N., Director of Surgery/Emergency Nursing.

3. The memo is to inform Department Heads, Directors of Nursing and Head Nurses that Susan Kern, R. N., is now Head Nurse over Emergency and FlightHelp, and that Janet Sims, R. N., has been appointed as Chief Flight Nurse （Assistant Head Nurse） of FlightHelp and will report to Susan.

4. The memo is signed by Linda Prater and typed by Florak Manson.

IV. Revise the draft of the following résumé of a student:

RESUME

CATHI ANN CRABTREE

300 S. Frederick Street

Evansville, Indiana 47714

Phone: （812） 477－5941

Objective Mechanical engineering design position, preferably with a variety of projects.

Education UNIVERSITY OF EVANSVILLE EVANSVILLE, INDIANA

1992—1998 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in May 1986. GPA of 3.14 on 4.0 scale.

President's Scholarship recipient.

Employment

1992—Present FINE & HATFIELD EVANSVILLE, INDIANA Word Processor Operator

1988—1990 REIS MOBILE CATERING SERVICE, INDIANA Waitress, earned 75% of college expenses.

College

Activities Four-year member of Society of Automotive Engineers. Secretary sophomore year. Four-year member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Participant in Society of Automotive Engineers' Mini Baja competition in sophomore and senior years.

References Personal references available upon request.

V. Revise the draft of the following application letter.

1264 Washington Street, Apt. A

Evansville, IN 47715

39030

Mr. John Burdette

Personnel Superintendent

SHW Industries Inc., Midwest Division

Denver, CO 80201

Dear Mr. Burdette:

Thank you for interviewing with me at Southwestern University on Tuesday, November 4. I enjoyed talking with you and watching the SHW video presentation. I am impressed with the company and would like to see one of the plants or the corporate headquarters.

During the interview, I mentioned that RD at corporate would be my initial preference. However, I am very flexible and I wanted to add that the small plant setting sounds appealing as well. This is because I enjoy developing good working relationships with plant people I've found I can gain the respect of these folks because I care about their opinions and will listen to their ideas verses just blowing them off because they don't have a “formal” education.

In any case, SHW sounds like a company that works with its people so they are both productive and happy. So I'm confident that if and when I have a opportunity to be employed by SHW, the initial job direction will not make or break my career.

Thanks again for coming to Southwestern and I hope to see you again.

Sincerely,

（signature）

Alan Wolfinger

 

参考答案

EXERCISE TWENTY-THREE

Ⅲ.

MEMORANDUM

TO: Department Heads

　　Directors of Nursing

　　Head Nurses

FROM: Linda Prater, R.N.

　　Director of Surgery/Emergency Nursing

DATE: December 4,2000

Susan Kern, R. N., is now Head Nurse over Emergency and Flight Help.

Janet Sims, R. N., has been appointed as Chief Flight Nurse （Assistant Head Nurse） of FlightHelp and will report to Susan.

Please join with me in congratulating Susan and Janet in their new positions.

LP: fm

Ⅳ.

RESUME

CATHI ANN CRABTREE

300 S. Frederick Street

Evansville, Indiana 47714

Phone: （812）477-5941

Objective Working as a mechanical engineer.

Education University of Evansville　　Evansville, Indiana

1992—1998 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in May 1998.

Senior design project with Naval Weapons Support Center, Crane, Indiana;nominated for Most Outstanding 1998 Mechanical Engineering Senior Design Project Award; President's Scholarship recipient.

Employment Fine & Hatfield, Attorneys 　　Evansville, Indiana

1992-Present Word Processor Operator: Lanier One-Step Word Processor； handled confidential information； assisted in training new word processor operators； trusted with securing of entire office building on a weekly basis （consists of possession of keys to main entrance and security alarm system）.

College Mini Baja competition participant;

Activities Society of Automotive Engineers, four-year member, Secretary sophomore year.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, four-year member.

References Personal references available upon request.

Contact: Cathi Ann Crabtree at above address.

V.

1264 Washington Street, Apt.A

Evansville, IN 47715

39030

Mr. John Burdette

Personnel Superintendent

SHW Industries Inc., Midwest Division

Denver, CO 80201

Dear Mr. Burdette:

Thank you for interviewing me at Southwestern University on Tuesday, November 4. I enjoyed talking with you and was impressed by the SHW video presentation.

During the interview, I mentioned that Research and Development at corporate headquarters would be my initial preference. However, I am very flexible and want to add that the small plant setting sounds appealing as well because I enjoy developing good working relationships with plant people. I have found through my co-op experience that because I care about their opinions and will listen to their ideas, I gain their respect.

In any case, SHW sounds like a company that works with its people so they are both productive and happy. I am confident that if and when employed by SHW, whether placed in a headquarters or plant setting, I will learn and be a productive, useful employee.

Thank you for interviewing me at the university. I hope to see you again.

Sincerely,

Alan Wolfinger